How bees help bring your veggies to lifeāone flower at a time
At Rubenās, we rely on more than just sunshine, water, and hard work to grow beautiful, high-quality produceāwe also depend on bees.
While most people know bees are important for the environment, not everyone realizes just how crucial they are in commercial food production, especially in greenhouses. Hereās a closer look at why bees are a vital part of our operationāand how their natural behaviour is perfectly suited to helping our crops thrive.
š¼ The Basics: What Is Pollination?
Pollination is the process where pollen is transferred from the male part of the flower (the anther) to the female part (the stigma). This fertilizes the flower and allows it to develop fruitāwhether thatās a tomato, zucchini, or pepper.
Some crops can pollinate themselves, but many require the help of pollinators, like bees, to move that pollen around. Without that transfer, the plants will flower but wonāt produce any harvestable produce.
š Bumble Bees & Greenhouses: Why We Use Them
In our greenhouses, we work with bumble bee hives as part of our Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program. Bumble bees are not only gentle and efficientātheyāre uniquely equipped for a very special kind of pollination: buzz pollination.
šµ Buzz Pollination: Natureās Vibration Trick
Some cropsāespecially tomatoesāhave flowers that donāt easily release pollen. Instead of having loose, accessible pollen, these flowers keep it tucked inside small, tube-like structures called anthers.
To get the pollen out, something has to shake the flower with just the right frequency.
Enter the bumble bee.
Bumble bees grab onto the flower and rapidly vibrate their flight muscles, creating a distinct buzzing sound and shaking the pollen looseāa process called buzz pollination. This is something honey bees canāt do, which is why bumble bees are the gold standard for greenhouse pollination.
Fun fact: Before bees were used, growers had to use electric toothbrushes to mimic this buzzing effectāone flower at a time! It worked, but it was extremely inefficient and labor-intensive.
While some crops donāt require pollination at all, others handle it on their own. In our cucumber crops, we grow gynoecious varieties, which produce only female flowers. These develop fruit through a process called parthenocarpyāmeaning fertilization doesnāt occur at all. Thatās why our cucumbers are completely seedless.
Peppers, on the other hand, are self-pollinating. Their pollen moves easily from the anthers to the stigma within the same flower, allowing them to fertilize themselves with no outside help.
š Honey Bees & Field Crops
Out in the field, we also work with honey bees, especially for crops like zucchini, which have open, pollinator-friendly flowers. Honey bees donāt buzz pollinate, but theyāre excellent at visiting many flowers quickly, spreading pollen efficiently and improving yields.
šø How Bees āSeeā Flowers
Bees donāt see flowers the way we doāthey actually see ultraviolet (UV) light, which reveals unique patterns on petals that are invisible to humans. These patterns act like landing strips, guiding bees straight to the nectar and pollen.
Flowers essentially say:
āHey, bee! This way!ā āØ
Bees are especially attracted to blue, violet, and yellow tones. That's why many high-yielding flower varieties grown in agriculture are bred with bees in mind.
š
From Pollination to Your Plate
When a bee visits a flower and transfers pollen, that flower is now able to develop fruit. That means every tomato, pepper, or zucchini you enjoy from our farm likely started with a bee doing its jobāquietly and efficientlyāin the background.
So next time you shop with us, remember:
No bees = no tomatoes!
Weāre proud to work with these incredible pollinators as part of a sustainable, natural growing system that respects the rhythms of nature while producing food you can feel good about. Checkout this video to see our bees in action at our tomato greenhouse!
Want to know more about what happens behind the scenes at Rubenās Veggies?
Send us your questions and we might feature them in the next "Ask a Farmer!"
Further information:
š¦Butterflies under electron microscopes
š»Sustainable Floriculture